Electromagnetics is a basic theme within Area IV and underlies most Area IV research, from power to photonics, and most Area IV graduate students either have or acquire some expertise. Beyond the Area IV research specialties discussed elsewhere, there are also faculty who study electromagnetic computational issues, magnetic fluids, meta-materials, plasmas, remote sensing, and sensors, among other topics. Both the electromagnetic subjects and the associated research focus on the complex ways in which electromagnetic fields and waves interact with all forms of matter to produce interesting and useful phenomena and devices that often motivate new mathematical approaches to the problem. Maxwell’s equations and quantum mechanics are the basic tools used, although the research usually has an experimental side as well. Research Assistantships are primarily available in the Research Laboratory of Electronics, the Plasma Science and Fusion Center, and, by arrangement, at Lincoln Laboratory, located in Lexington, MA.